Clinical Competencies
The following are skills a clinician requires to evaluate and appropriately treat infants, children, and adolescents.
Health Care Visits
- newborn metabolic screening
- well-baby visits
- child and adolescent visits
History and Physical Exam
- clinical interview
- HEADDS questioning
- head and neck exam
- cardiovascular exam
- respiratory exam
- abdominal exam
- genital exams
- neurological exam
- musculoskeletal exam
- skin exam
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Medical Practice
- diagnosis and treatment plan
- general practice
- emergency medicine
- patient-parent/caregiver communication
- palliative care
- withholding and withdrawing life support
Procedures
- basic life support
- trauma management
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prevention
Screening
- anemia
- lead
- fluoride
- high-risk children (lipids, TB, other infectious diseases)
- hypertension
- dysfunctional families/high risk kids
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Development and Biology
Children change rapidly and constantly, requiring development-specific understanding of health care needs.
Prenatal development (separate topic)
Obstetrics (separate topic)
- premature and post-date gestations
- potential complications
- first hours and days
Growth
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Nutrition
Emotions, behaviours, and thoughts
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Relationships
- parents (+advice)
- siblings
- peers
- adoption
- divorce, separation and death
- family violence, parental alcohol, and drug abuse
- child abuse and neglect
- nontraditional families
Schools
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Approach to Clinical Presentations
Always consider congenital causes in children - a family history is very important.
Neonatal
- meconium-stained amniotic fluid
- asphyxia
- respiratory distress
- cyanosis
- apnea
- seizures
- hypoglycemia
- evaluations of possible sepsis
- developmental dysplastic hip
- birth-related injuries
- neonatal abstinence syndrome (in utero drug exposure)
- anemia
- Rh factor and blood type incompatibility
- polycythemia
- jaundice
- syncope
- seizures
- headache
- tics and abnormal movements
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- otalgia
- cough
- wheeze
- rash
- sore throat
- rhinorrhea
- fever and rash
- fever without a source
- recurrent infections
- anxiety
- hyperactivity
- eating problems
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- anemia
- cyanosis
- bleeding
- perechiae/purpura
- limb and joint pain
- lymphadenopathy
- cervical adenitis
- hepatomegaly
- splenomegaly
Ophthalmology
- red eye
- wandering eye
- decreased visual acuity
- white pupillary reflex
- hypertension
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Conditions and Diseases
Graduating physicans should be comfortable diagnosing and managing the following conditions, diseases, and disorders.
Neonatal
- maternal infections (HIV, hepatitis, etc.)
- SIDS
Respiratory
- asthma
- atopy
- bronchiolitis
- croup
- cystic fibrosis
- seasonal allergies
- obstructive sleep apnea
Cardiology
- heart murmurs
- congenital heart disease
- valvular disease
- congestive heart failure
- infective endocarditis
- dysrhytmias
- hypertension
Endocrine/Metabolic
Dermatology
- atopic dermatitis
- viral exanthema and enanthema
- bites and stings
- bacterial and fungal infections
- lice and scabies
- diaper rash
- acne
- urticaria and erythema multiforme
- burns
Neurology
Renal
- glomerulonephritis
- hematuria and proteinuria
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Development and Psychiatry
Genitourinary
Hematology
Oncology
- leukemia
- lymphoma
- brain tumours
- Wilm's tumour
- neuroblastoma
- rhabdomyosarcoma
Rheumatology
Toxicology
Musculoskeletal
- clubfoot
- developmental dysplasia of the hip
- muscular dystrophy
- rotational problems and gait abnormalities
- In- and out-toeing
- Metatarsus adductus
- Medial tibial torsion
- Femoral anteversion
- scoliosis (idiopathic or acquired)
- aseptic necrosis of the femoral head (Legg-Calvé Perthes disease)
- slipped capital femoral epiphysis
- common sprains, dislocations and fractures
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Gastroenterology
Other
Head and Neck
- hearing loss
- wax
- ear canal foreign body
- nose foreign body
Ophthalmology
- amblyopia
- stabismus
- lacrimal duct stenosis
- congenital cataracts
- dacryocystitis
- coloboma
Infectious Diseases
Malignancy
Genetics
- when/how to approach and refer
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Questions and Scenarios
coming soon!
Acknowledgements
This listing of objectives has been collated from databases created by:
