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Pelvic Organ Prolapse
- causes and risk factors
- signs, symptoms, and diagnosis
- pathophysiology
- treatments
- consequences and course
- resources and references
Prolapse is a hernia-like protrusion of the bladder (cystocele), rectum (rectocele), peritoneum and small bowel (enterocele) or uterus into the vagina due to poor cardinal or uterosacral support.
Causes and Risk Factors
Prolapse is caused by weakness of levic ligaments, conective tissue and muscles.
Risk factors include:
- smoking (poorer tissue
- pregnancy
- age
- family history for connective tissue
Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
- history and physical exam
- lab investigations
- diagnostic imaging
History and Physical Exam
Cystoceles can lead to incontinence or hesitancy
Lab Investigations
Diagnostic Imaging
Pathophysiology
Treatments
Non-surgical treatments
Reassure
expectant
pessary
Surgery
Abdominal or vaginal approaches
- cystocele: anterior colporrraphy
- rectocele/enterocele: posterior colporrhaphy
- vault suspenstion
Consequences and Course
Resources and References