Minimal Change Disease

 

Minimal change disease is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children under 6 years of age, affecting more males than females.

 

 

Causes and Risk Factors

 

Cause of minimal change is unknown. Potential causes include post-allergic reaction, circulating immune complexes, or altered T-cell immunity.

 

 

 

 

 

Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

 

  • history
  • physical exam
  • lab investigations
  • diagnostic imaging

History

Physical Exam

Lab Investigations

Diagnostic Imaging

 

 

 

 

 

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Pathophysiology

 

No significant changes are seen under the light microscope, hence the name.

Electron microscopy shows fusion of podocytes, with effacement of foot processes.

 

 

 

 

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Treatments

 

Treatment involves corticosteroid therapy and ciclosporin or cyclophosphamide.

 

 

 

 

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Consequences and Course

 

Prognosis is good in children but variable in adults. End-stage renal failure can occur on occasion.

 

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The Patient

 

 

 

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Health Care Team

 

 

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Community Involvement

 

 

 

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Resources and References