Splints and Casts

Introduction

Casts are rigid, circumferential dressings applied to an extremity. They are perhaps the most important treatment for fractures and serious soft tissue injuries.

Casting takes a great deal of experience to correctly apply, and can compromise skin, blood supply, and nerves if improperly made.

Casts can be either plaster or fiberglass-based. Plaster is easier and cheaper to use, while fibreglass is lighter and more water-resistant.

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Types of Splints and Casts

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Clinical Usage and Tips

Use the position of safety or the position of comfort.

Plaster is supplied as strips or rolls of gauze. The gauze is soaked in water, gently wrung out, and applied over padding. Plaster dries within 10 minutes but takes 48 hours to reach its full strength. Cool water provides more working time and improves cast bonding. Plaster is great.

Padding comes in a variety of options, including cotton material called Webril. Padding protects skin and bony prominences from plaster, improving comfort and reducing risk of pressure sores. Two layers of padding are typically used.

Flannel is used on occasion for the outer layer of a splint. It should NEVER ne used inside a cast or a splint.

Use 3-4 layers of padding on both sides.

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