Renal Artery Stenosis

 

 

reduced renal perfusion, with upregulation of renin

 

 

 

Causes and Risk Factors

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

 

 

 

  • history and physical exam
  • lab investigations
  • biopsy
  • diagnostic imaging

History and Physical Exam

 

 

 

 

 

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Pathophysiology

 

 

 

 

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Treatments

 

 

 

 

 

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Consequences and Course

 

 

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Resources and References