Hypocalcemia
- causes and risk factors
- signs, symptoms, and diagnosis
- pathophysiology
- treatments
- consequences and course
- resources and references
Causes and Risk Factors
It can be caused by PTH disorders or by problems with vitamin D.
Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
- history and physical exam
- lab investigations
- biopsy
- diagnostic imaging
History and Physical Exam
Nervous and musculoskeletal systems
Hypocalcemia can be a medical emergency. Pay attention to the airway and the ECG.
It can lead to paresthesias, neuromuscular irritability (cramps), tetany, laryngeospasm/broncheospasm, seizures, arrhythmias, prolonged Q-T interval, and congestive heart failure.
cararacts, and soft tissue calcification.
Lab Investigations
Biopsy
Diagnostic Imaging
Bone
Calcium deficiency can lead to osteomalacia and osteoporosis.
Pathophysiology
Treatments
100-300 mg IV
Consequences and Course
Resources and References