Low Back Pain

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Introduction

muscles/ligaments

facet joints

nerve root compression

DRE should always be done to assess for information

Physical or therapeutic exercise

Focus on active, rather than passive, exercise

medications

acetaminophen

NSAIDs

weak opioids, TCAs

tramadol

strong opioids

duloxetine (Skljarevski et al, 2010).

For example, with disc herniation, pain is initially neuropathic, but over time, neuropathic pain

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