Lead Poisoning
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Introduction
Lead poisoning can result in microcytic anemia, with cells often showing basophilic stippling.
The Case of...
Causes and Risk Factors
Lead can be accumulated:
- old paint (paint chips eaten by children, encountered during rennovations)
- people living in inner cities from industrial lead in homes
- recent immigrants
- pottery glazed with lead
- pots soldered with lead
Lead poisoning is more common in children, especially those from a lower socioeconomic class.
Pathophysiology
Lead intereferes with the final stages of heme synthesis. This leads to the accumulation of protoporphyrin and a shortened RBC survival.
Signs and Symptoms
- history
- physical exam
History
Symptoms include:
- headache
- decreased attention and concentration
- peripheral neuropathy
- pica
- abdominal pain
- fatigue
- arthralgia
- encephalopathy
- paralysis
- coma
Physical Exam
Lead lines may be seen in the gingivae.
Investigations
- lab investigations
- diagnostic imaging
Lab Investigations
A hypochromic, microcytic anemia results.
Diagnostic Imaging
Lead lines can be seen on the epihyses of the long bones on X-ray
Differential Diagnosis
Other causes of anemia should be considered.
Treatments
Dimercaptol may be given.
Chelation with EDTA may also be used.
Consequences and Course
Resources and References
Topic Development
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