Hemorrhage
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Introduction
Class I: 0-15%
Class II: 15-30%
Class III: 30-40%
Class IV: >40%
The Case of...
Causes and Risk Factors
Physiologic Responses to Hemorrhage
- adults
- children
Adults
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class I <750ml <15% |
class II 750-1500 ml 15-30% |
class III 1500-2000 30-40% |
class IV >2000 ml >40% |
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cardiovascular |
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CNS |
anxious, irritable, confused |
decreased LOC, decreased response to pain |
comatose |
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skin |
cool, mottled |
cyanotic; markedly decreased capillary refill |
pale, cold |
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urine output |
low or very low |
minimal |
none |
Pathophysiology
Signs and Symptoms
- history
- physical exam
History
Investigations
- lab investigations
- diagnostic imaging
Lab Investigations
Differential Diagnosis
Treatments
A infant's blood volume is approx 80 ml/kg, and and a child's is 70 ml/kg.
A bolus is 20ml/kg.
Consequences and Course
Resources and References
Topic Development
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