Abdomen

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Introduction

The abdomen lies between the thorax, separated by the diaphragm, and the pelvis, with which it is continuous. The abdominal cavity contains the peritoneum, most of the gastrointestinal system, as well as other organs. It is surrounded by the abdominal wall.

 

The abdomen can be divided into four quadrants (right upper quadrant (RUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ), as well as nine abdominal regions (see image).

 

The transpyloric, or subcostal, line is inferior to the tenth rib and passess through L3.

 

The transtubercular line passes through the iliac crest tubercles and L5.

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Abdominal Wall

The anterior abdominal wall extends from the 7th-12th ribs and xiphoid process to the inguinal ligament and pelvic bones.

 

The wall consists of skin, superficial fascia, muscles, fascia, and peritoneum.

 

Superficial fascia consists of fatty Camper's fascia and deeper, membranous Scarpa's fascia.

 

Muscles

muscle	origin	insertion	action
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus
rectus abdominus

 

 

Organs

• Gallbladder and biliary tree

 

 

 

 

Resources and References

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